Millennial-centennial scales climate changes of Holocene indicated by magnetic susceptibility of high-resolution section in Salawusu River valley,China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Yingxia Lu  Baosheng Li  Xiaohao Wen  Shifan Qiu  Fengnian Wang  Dongfeng Niu  Zhiwen Li 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2010,20(3):243-251

The upmost segment(Holocene series)of the Milanggouwan stratigraphic section(MGS1)in the Salawusu River valley shows 11 sedimentary cycles of dune sands and fluvio-lacustrine facies,or dune sands and paleosols.The analysis of the magnetic susceptibility of this segment suggests that there are 11 magnetic susceptibility cycles with the value alternating from low to high,in which the layers of the dune sands correspond to the lower value of the magnetic susceptibility and the layers of fluvio-lacustrine facies and paleosols correspond to the higher peaks.The study reveals that the low and high magnetic susceptibility values indicate the climate dominated by cold-arid winter monsoon and warm-humid summer monsoon of East Asia,respectively,and the study area has experienced at least 22 times of mil-lennial-centennial scales climate alternation from the cold-arid to the warm-humid during the Holocene.In terms of the time and the climate nature,the variations basically correspond to those of the North Atlantic and some records of cold-warm changes in China as well.They might be caused by the alternation of winter and summer monsoons in the Mu Us Desert induced by global climate fluctuations in the Holocene.  相似文献   

地形畸变对偶极-偶极电阻率测深拟断面图的影响   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

吴小平  柳建新  段无悔  蓝燕 《地球物理学进展》2010,25(2):635-641

偶极－偶极剖面方法是一种非常流行的物探方法,但就地形对该方法的实质性影响及修正研究得比较少.我们就几种典型的地形畸变情况进行了正演计算,并绘制了拟断面图.通过对这些图形分析,可以看到在地形畸变处的拟断面图不能反映地下地质体的情况,且有效拟断面图是不连续的,需要分段处理,分级解释.  相似文献   

金沙江其宗河段河谷演化及其工程效应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

罗永红  王运生  王自高  高建 《山地学报》2010,28(2)

金沙江其宗河段实地调研揭示:该河段共发育Ⅳ级阶地,其中Ⅳ级阶地卵砾石比Ⅲ级阶地的风化程度强得多;测年显示Ⅳ级阶地形成年代距今约80～90 ka,Ⅲ级阶地形成距今仅40～50 ka,取自zk204钻孔下部炭化木的14C测年为45 ka,这表明Ⅳ级阶地形成后,河谷一直下切到基覆界面,回填加积至现今Ⅲ级阶地的高度,然后又重新下切,形成Ⅲ级、Ⅱ级及Ⅰ级阶地,在形成程式上与川西河谷演化有较为明显的差异.由于河床覆盖层中、下部形成于晚更新世,具有超固结效果,不但承载力高而且不具有液化性.  相似文献   

起伏地表下的直接叠前时间偏移   总被引：13，自引：9，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

董春晖  张剑锋 《地球物理学报》2009,52(1):239-244

提出了一种新的叠前时间偏移方法和流程,可不必应用野外静校正,直接对起伏地表采集的地震数据进行叠前时间偏移.本文采用输入道成像方式,通过基于稳相点原理给出单道数据的走时和振幅计算方法,发展了一个表驱动的叠前时间偏移算法.偏移方法可依据同相轴是否被拉平确定叠加速度和修正近地表速度模型,也可依据拟成像的构造倾角,自适应地确定偏移孔径;后者既减少了偏移计算量,也压制了偏移噪声.文中用二维起伏地表的断陷盆地模型的理论数据验证了所发展方法的成像效果.  相似文献   

拉萨河谷灌丛草原与农田水热平衡及植被水分利用特征   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

尹志芳  欧阳华  徐兴良  宋明华  段德玉  张宪洲 《地理学报》2009,64(3)

以青藏高原的拉萨河谷下游的灌丛草原和农田为研究对象,在中国科学院拉萨高原生态试验站的农田与附近的灌丛草原开展实验.利用SHAW模型模拟了2004年10月-2005年9月灌丛草原与农田水热平衡以及根系吸水过程.模拟结果经分析得出,(1)农田所接收的净辐射比灌丛草原要多,农田接收的能量大部分以潜热形式支出,全年的波文比为0.29;而灌丛草原的波文比为0.89.灌丛草原全年的潜热通量是农田的53%,具有一定的抑制蒸散发的功能.(2)农田耗水量是灌丛草原的1.8倍.农田由于大量的灌溉造成较大的渗漏损失,同时也增加了土壤蒸发这一无益损耗.(3)深层土壤水向上的补给与根系吸水两方面的模拟都表明,灌丛草原的植被比农田能更大程度地利用深层土壤水.  相似文献   

典型岩溶槽谷区地下河水文动态响应研究——以重庆青木关地下河为例   总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5  

刘仙  蒋勇军  叶明阳  杨平恒  扈志勇  李元庆 《中国岩溶》2009,28(2):149-154

为了更好地掌握重庆青木关地下河水文动态变化规律,2007年5月至2008年6月利用WGZ-1型光电数字水位计和水质监测仪(CTDP300型在线水质分析仪）,对降雨量和地下河水位、水温、pH及电导率进行了连续自动监测,并采用水文动态曲线线型分析法分析了该地下河水文动态变化对降水事件的响应。结果表明,地下河水文动态对降雨响应迅速,水位流量过程曲线线型呈不对称尖峰型,尤其在2007年7月17日出现的大暴雨事件中,最高水位为1.175m,滞后最大雨强6h10min,最大流量为2.5781m3/s,而观测中该地下河最小流量仅为0.0189 m3/s,反映出该岩溶地下河发育强烈,赋水空间较单一、含水层对水资源调蓄能力较弱。电导率、pH和水温对降雨同样快速响应,电导率由602.7μs/cm降到462.09μs/cm,pH由7.23降到7.01,水温由18.9℃上升到19.5℃,各指标滞后不超过15h。   相似文献   

提高浅层地震反射静校正精度的一种方法与数值模拟   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

张前  陈超  刘江平 《地球物理学进展》2009,24(1):348-356

浅层地震反射法是一种常用的勘探方法.在浅层地震资料处理中,静校正的精度直接影响速度反演的结果和叠加剖面的质量,在地形平缓时,固定基准面静校正可以满足勘探精度的要求,但在复杂地形条件下,其存在较大误差,即使采用浮动基准面,仍会由于地表一致性假设而残余静校正量,不能消除地形起伏引起的影响,为了提高浅层地震反射静校正的精度必须在常规静校正后进行一次剩余静校正,本文给出起伏地形条件下,滑动基准面(过共中心点的水平面即为该共中心点的滑动基准面)的剩余静校正量,该校正量与炮检距、反射层埋深、地层波速以及炮点和接收点高程有关,适用于单一介质和层状介质情况,本文通过对典型地形起伏的3个水平均匀层状介质理论地质模型的速度谱计算和分析,阐明在复杂地形条件下,应用本文提出的剩余静校正方法可以消除地形起伏的影响,提高静校正精度,在此基础上做动校正可以得到高质量的水平叠加剖面.  相似文献   

Water‐worked gravel beds in laboratory flumes – a natural analogue?     

James R. Cooper  Simon J. Tait 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2009,34(3):384-397

An investigation has been conducted to identify the key parameters that are likely to scale laboratory sediment deposits to the field scale. Two types of bed formation were examined: one where sediment is manually placed and screeded and the second where sediment is fed into a running flume. This later technique created deposits through sequential cycles of sediment transport and deposition. Detailed bed surface topography measurements have been made over a screeded bed and three fed beds. In addition, bulk subsurface porosity and hydraulic conductivity have been measured. By comparing the four beds, results revealed that certain physical properties of the screeded bed were clearly different from those of the fed beds. The screeded bed had a random organization of grains on both the surface and within the subsurface. The fed beds exhibited greater surface and subsurface organization and complexity, and had a number of properties that closely resembled those found for water‐worked gravel beds. The surfaces were water‐worked and armoured and there was preferential particle orientation and direction of imbrication in the subsurface. This suggested that fed beds are able to simulate, in a simplified manner, both the surface and subsurface properties of established gravel‐bed river deposits. The near‐bed flow properties were also compared. It revealed that the use of a screeded bed will typically cause an underestimation in the degree of temporal variability in the flow. Furthermore, time‐averaged streamwise velocities were found to be randomly organized over the screeded bed but were organized into long streamwise flow structures over the fed beds. It clearly showed that caution should be taken when comparing velocity measurements over screeded beds with water‐worked beds, and that the formation of fed beds offers an improved way of investigating intragravel flow and sediment–water interface exchange processes in gravel‐bed rivers at a laboratory scale. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

我国南方夏季低频雨型的季节内水汽输送特征   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

左金清  任宏利  李维京  张培群  杨明珠 《地球物理学报》2009,52(9):2210-2221

利用1962～2006年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,采用对历史个例进行合成分析的方法,研究了异常降水中心分别位于长江以南区域的江南型和长江-淮河流域的江淮型低频雨型的季节内水汽输送特征.研究表明,江南型的总水汽输送主要来源于孟加拉湾,并经中南半岛和南海输入江南区域;江淮型的总水汽输送主要直接来源于南海,但水汽源地主要为印度季风区.对于水汽输送异常,江南型和江淮型具有明显不同的特征.江南型的水汽输送异常主要来源于热带西太平洋-南海,中纬度西风带和中高纬度南下的水汽输送异常的贡献次之;而江淮型的水汽输送异常主要来源于热带和副热带西太平洋,中纬度西风带水汽输送异常的贡献次之.另外,水汽输送异常对江南型的区域总水汽收支的贡献约为50%,而对江淮型的区域总水汽收支的贡献高达70%左右.因此,虽然总水汽输送主要取决于气候平均水汽输送,但是,水汽输送异常与气候平均水汽输送对江南型和江淮型的水汽供应具有相同甚至更为重要的贡献.特别是对于江淮型,区域总水汽收支主要取决于水汽输送异常的贡献,而水汽输送异常的变化较平均水汽输送更为复杂,这有可能是江淮流域汛期降水预报较为困难的原因之一.  相似文献   

AN EVALUATION OF SURFACE HARDNESS OF NATURAL AND MODIFIED ROCKS USING SCHMIDT HAMMER: STUDY FROM NORTHWESTERN HIMALAYA, INDIA     

BY VIKRAM GUPTA  RUCHIKA SHARMA  MADHO PRASAD SAH 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2009,91(3):179-188

Four rock types (quartz mica gneiss, schist, quartzite and calc-silicate) located in the Satluj and Alaknanda valleys were used to test whether a Schmidt hammer can be used to distinguish rock surfaces affected by various natural and man-induced processes like manual smoothing of rock surfaces by grindstone, surface weathering, deep weathering, fluvial polishing and blasting during road construction. Surfaces polished by fluvial process yielded the highest Schmidt hammer rebound (R-) values and the blast-affected surfaces yielded the lowest R-values for the same rock type. Variations in R-value also reflect the degree of weathering of the rock surfaces. It has been further observed that, for all the rock types, the strength of relationship between R-values for the treated surfaces (manual smoothing of rock surface by grindstone) and the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) is higher than for the fresh natural surfaces.  相似文献